BINOM.DIST in Excel

Calculations with the binomial distribution formula can quite tedious and difficult. The reason for this is due to the number and types of terms in the formula.  As with many calculations in probability, Excel can be utilized to expedite the process. Background on the Binomial Distribution The binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution. In order to use this distribution, we need to make sure that the following conditions are met: There are a total of n independent trials.  Each of these trials can be classified as a success or failure.The probability of success is a constant p. The probability that exactly k of our n trials are successes is given by the formula: C( n, k) pk (1 - p)n – k. In the above formula, the expression C( n, k) denotes the binomial coefficient. This is the number of ways to form a combination of k elements from a total of n. This coefficient involves the use of the factorial, and so C(n, k) n!/[k!(n – k)! ]. COMBIN Function The first function in Excel related to the binomial distribution is COMBIN. This function calculates the binomial coefficient C( n, k), also known as the number of combinations of k elements from a set of n. The two arguments for the function are the number n of trials and k the number of successes. Excel defines the function in terms of the following: COMBIN(number, number chosen) Thus if there are 10 trials and 3 successes, there are a total of C(10, 3) 10!/(7!3!) 120 ways for this to occur. Entering COMBIN(10,3) into a cell in a spreadsheet will return the value 120. BINOM.DIST Function The other function that is important to know about in Excel is BINOM.DIST. There are a total of four arguments for this function in the following order: Number_s is the number of successes. This is what we have been describing as k.Trials are the total number of trials or n.Probability_s is the probability of a success, which we have been denoting as p.Cumulative uses an input either of true or false to calculate a cumulative distribution. If this argument is false or 0, then the function returns the probability that we have exactly k successes. If the argument is true or 1, then the function returns the probability that we have k successes or less. For example, the probability that exactly three coins out of 10 coin flips are heads is given by BINOM.DIST(3, 10, .5, 0). The value returned here is 0.11788. The probability that from flipping 10 coins at most three are heads is given by BINOM.DIST(3, 10, .5, 1). Entering this into a cell will return the value 0.171875. This is where we can see the ease of using the BINOM.DIST function. If we did not use software, we would add together the probabilities that we have no heads, exactly one head, exactly two heads or exactly three heads. This would mean that we would need to calculate four different binomial probabilities and add these together. BINOMDIST Older versions of Excel use a slightly different function for calculations with the binomial distribution. Excel 2007 and earlier use the BINOMDIST function. Newer versions of Excel are backward compatible with this function and so BINOMDIST is an alternate way to calculate with these older versions.

The Education System Of The United States - 829 Words

Recent surveys and articles state that Over 30% of kids in the United States never finish high school. For minority kids, it s over 50%.1. The public education system in the United States seems to be failing to meet the needs of the children and thus affecting their future outcomes. The average quality of education in Elementary, Middle and High school that a child deserves, is far from superior. Given the growing competition in the world it is imperative to provide a solid educational foundation especially in the field of Math, Science and Reading. Being originally born and brought up in India, I believe I know the importance and value that a good education provides. Laying an early foundation in children is extremely essential for their success and continued ability to learn better and strive harder. For example, the education system in India and many parts of Asia is so competitive that parents are always looking for additional avenues to help their child learn and be successful. After-school tutoring begins there at a very early age. The schools play an active role in educating the children based on the curriculum and after-school tutoring reinforce the topics covered in school. Tutoring also reassures the parents that the child is capable of doing good and getting excellent grades. Emphasis on a strong foundation starts at an early age with the basics like alphabets and numbers. Children work at a far more advanced pace and progress rapidly with much more difficultShow MoreRelatedThe Education System Of The United States109 0 Words   |  5 Pages The education system in the United States is a problem. One problem is that many of the students attending school today live in poverty. Another problem with the education system is that the curriculums are not being altered to the skills needed in the world today. Furthermore, students are not allowed to use their individual learning styles in the classroom. 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The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay Example For Students

The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay The Accomplishments Of Harriet Tubman Essay Harriet Tubman was a black woman born into slavery. Harriet was an abolitionist and strongly believed that all slaves should be free. Harriet learned that her master had died and that she would be sold if she did not run away. At the age of twenty-five, Harriet left her plantation and was on the run to a free state (Harriet par 1). Harriet made her way ninety miles from Maryland to Philadelphia. There she began to work and make a living for herself. She decided that she was going to free other slaves so she began to make her journey back to the Southern states twice a year to free as many slaves as she could (Bentley 47-49). The Underground Railroad was how Harriet freed hundreds of slaves, including her aging parents. The Underground Railroad was a route that Harriet took to free the slaves. She would have covered wagons with fixed bottoms, which were filled with slaves. She would take them to various homes of other abolitionists for food and shelter throughout the night. Once day broke Harriet would continue her journey towards the free states (Smith par 1-2). When the government enacted the Fugitive Slave Law Harriet could not bring the slaves to Philadelphia anymore. They were no longer safe in any of the states and had to be brought to Canada for their freedom. This meant that Harriet had to extend the route of the Underground Railroad (Petry 132-133). Harriet was nicknamed Moses by her people. They believed that she was sent from God to free them. Throughout all her trips back and forth through the Underground Railroad, the reward for the capture of Harriet was up to $40,000. This made it even more difficult for Harriet to make it safely through the woods and trails, though she was never captured (Smith par 5-6). During the Civil War, Harriet Tubman became very prominent. She became a nurse, a scout, and a spy for the Union forces. As a nurse, Harriet found a root that helped cure the dysentery. Once again the soldiers began to call her Moses because she had saved many of their lives (Petry 220-224). While being involved in the Civil War, Harriet freed another seven hundred slaves. Harriet was said to be a well respected throughout the war. She received official commendations from many Union Army officials. Even though Harriet contributed a lot of time and hard work in the war efforts, she never received veterans benefits for any of of her painstaking work (Harriet par 3). Following the Civil War, Harriet returned to her home in Auburn, New York to live with her parents. Harriet helped Auburn remain a center for womans rights. In Auburn Harriet married and continued helping misfortunate people (Life par 14). She led the growth of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Harriets home in Auburn was used as a home for other blacks and elderly who were sick and were in need of assistance in their lives (Bentley 112). Harriet continued to tell reporters and writers about her journeys and her lifestyle. She would never leave a person wondering. She told all the reporters everything they wanted to know and never left anything out. By doing this she made a small profit for her home (Bentley 119). Sarah Bradford was a friend of Harriet who believed that her story was worth telling. Sarah decided to write Harriets biography and give all the proceeds to Harriet to help her finish paying off her mortgage so that the others living there could continue living there. The book made enough money to cover the mortgage and have some extra which Harriet gave to the town of Auburn (Bentley 118). By the time of her death, Harriet freed over a thousand slaves. She received a medal from the Queen of England, Queen Victoria (Bentley 119-120). .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc , .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .postImageUrl , .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc , .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc:hover , .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc:visited , .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc:active { border:0!important; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc:active , .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u45786520b6e4298da9cb5f21429785dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Financial Analysis Essay She also helped out her community a great deal by contributing funds to her town and by allowing sick and elder blacks stay in her home (Bentley 112). Harriet was buried in Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York with military honors. The federal government has honored her accomplishments when they decided to place her photo on a commemorative postage stamp. .

The Red Tent My Reaction Essay Example For Students

The Red Tent: My Reaction Essay In her book, The Red Tent, Anita Diamant attempts to expound upon the foundations laid by the Torah by way of midrashim. In doing so, parts of her stories tend to stray from the original biblical text. The following essay will explore this and several other aspects of the book as they relate to the Torah and modern midrash. One of the first differences I recognized was the description of Leahs eyes. In Genesis 29:17, Leahs eyes are described as weak. Diamant dispels this rumor, saying that Leahs eyes, one blue and one green, made others weak because most people had difficulty looking her in the face. By making this small adjustment, Diamant is able to create a connection between Jacob and Leah that the Bible neglects. The Bible says only that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah, which tends to give the impression that Leah was unloved. Diamant says that Jacob was able to look Leah in the eye without any trouble and never made any comment regarding them. This is significant because it shows that Jacob overlooked a flaw in Leah that most others seemed unable to ignore, and the physical attraction between them that she later addressed in the seven days following their marriage (which was a single night in the Bible) seems to make more sense. In addition, their discussion in the tent concluding that Jacob was to emerge after the week feigning anger is a midrash provides an explanation as to why Jacob slept with Leah and still complained to Laban that he had been tricked. Diamant makes Jacob appear to be more of a gentleman than the Bible does, and thus, a more likeable main character in her novel. We will write a custom essay on The Red Tent: My Reaction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In The Red Tent, Diamant created people not mentioned in the Torah. One such person was Ruti, Labans last wife. Laban beat Ruti badly and frequently for no apparent reason. In Diamants book, Rutis fairly small role serves as a clear reason for the reader to dislike Laban. Until Ruti is introduced, besides being a drunk and making love to sheep, we find Laban to be little more than pathetic. Including Ruti in the story adds another dimesion to Labans character; one of cruelty and aggression. At this point, Diamant makes Laban begin to fit the novelistic bad guy mold quite well, and the reader finds him more repulsive than ever before. His daughters pay little attention to Ruti and ignore the evidence of their fathers abusiveness because Ruti is the mother of their sons rivals, their material enemy. When she finally comes to them for help to be rid of the child in her womb, so that the baby girl would not suffer the same treatment from Laban as her mother did, they are eager to be of a ssistance. When Jacob goes to town to redeem Ruti after Laban had sold her as a slave, Jacob becomes more of a hero and is further distinguished as the good guy in the novel. Using Ruti, Diamante persuades the reader to side with the daughters and Jacob against the cruel Laban.Another discrepancy between the biblical text and The Red Tent is clear when Laban catches up to Jacobs camp as he and his wives fled from Labans land. The Torah says that Laban was unable to find the statues and did not know where Rachel had them hidden, but Rachel blatantly tells her father that she was sitting on his precious statues during her period in Diamants midrash. This act of defiance, as well as Labans acceptance of it, are key events in the novel. It gives the reader the impression that Laban no longer had control over his daughters and they were finally free from that evil man. It is for these same reasons that Laban did not kiss his sons and daughters good-by as he did in the scripture, and as a result of Diamants interpretation, their parting was much more dramatic and bitter than in the original text. .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 , .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .postImageUrl , .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 , .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958:hover , .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958:visited , .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958:active { border:0!important; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958:active , .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958 .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u73fcf4bfda2ed628c42ad5af47b34958:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adolescent Depression EssayEven more dramatic is the rising tension between Jacob and his brother regarding the marriage of Dinah and Shalem, and its horrible climax, resulting the murder of every man in Shechem. In The Red Tent,

Basics of the Civil War essays

Basics of the Civil War essays The Civil War, which began in 1861, was fought for a variety of reasons. One reason would be the dispute between sides about the federal government. The two sides could not agree on what powers the states did and did not possess. A major issue in this was the dispute over slavery. Southern states believed it was their right to have slavery and that it wasn't the federal government's call. The north, on the other hand, saw it wrong and brutal. After being threatened by the government, the southern states began seceding from the nation so they could maintain the rights and powers they believed to be theirs. There were several battles in the Civil War. Some of the major battles include Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg and the Siege of Vicksburg. At the battle of Bull Run, the North failed to take advantage of their position and defeat the South quickly. This battle could have ended the war if the North had won. At Antietam, the Union defeated General Lee's first attempt to invade the North. The Vicksburg campaign gave the North control of the Mississippi River, which affected trade and the southern economy. Probably the most famous of all, the battle of Gettysburg defeated General Lee's second invasion of the North. There were many key leaders in the Civil War that played important roles in the outcome of the war. General Ulysses S. Grant was the leading general of the Union who led them to many great victories. He was in war once before and resigned due to a drinking problem and missing his wife and children. Grant eventually went on to be president after the war. General Robert E. Lee was the leading general of the Confederacy but was first asked to be the leading general of the Union, by Lincoln. He refused and returned home to support his people. General William T. Sherman was famous for his "March to the Sea" through the south to the east coast. He burned everything in his way including Atlanta and many other important cit...

Argumentative essay LAWS

Argumentative essay LAWS Argumentative essay LAWS Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Suitability of Formal Law Enforcement in Conflicting Crime As stated by Ashbel, Wall, and Tracey, â€Å"The primary mission of law enforcement is to maintain peace and order and provide a safe environment† (Ashbel, Wall, and Tracey 1). In addition, law enforcement experts have the mandate of providing a safe habitation for everyone. All domains in law enforcement have their own roles, which have interconnections regarding their primary motive-providing public safety. Harvey Wiener in his chapter 5 introduction article put it, â€Å"Yet, to judge by the current events, it seems that many people in America see the government as an evil to be avoided rather than an avenue for sustaining life in a just world† (Wiener 161). This raises the question whether the law enforcement practices are fair to people over whom it has jurisdiction. This shows that law, despite the fact that its enforcement is vital, some elements in its practice leave questions regarding its suitability. It therefore becomes the main objective of this paper to determine the validity of these arguments. Elrich and Brower state, â€Å"Increased punishment for offenders culminates to a substantial reduction in crime frequency† (Elrich and Brower 99). As such, there is an increased risk with regard to victimization due to the practical private law enforcement. In addition, the protection measures severity increase, which is associated with the increase in scope of the prevention variables. In everyone’s knowledge, it is universally agreed that punishment prevents crime, and as Elrich and Brower put it, â€Å"There are three possible reasons that act as a punishment’s causal interpretations† (Elrich and Brower 99). One of them is punishment as a prevention variable in preventing crime, as a disincentive of any criminal activity. This makes the entire practice of law enforcement vague and difficult to understand, especially pertaining to its efficiency and func tionality. In the recent past, the application of the so-called ‘Economics of Crime’ in the United States has been on the rise. As Frey states, â€Å"Assume that a lot of punishment prevents crime† (Frey 92). It is vital to comprehend that punishment is substantively effective even when not applied. According to the economics of crime, punishment mechanisms serve as signals to show what kind of behavior is both morally and legally undesired by the lawmakers. Expressive punishment procedures therefore reveal that they are the only possible actions to apply when it becomes difficult to impose other types of punishment. The second component is the mechanism of humiliating the offenders. This entails the strategies whereby offenders are actively exposed to the public. Consequently, their reputation is diminished. The accompanying distrust is very negative for the perpetrators, instigating dishonor, especially in their profession. The other mechanisms revolve around c rushing the perpetrator, for example confronting the victims, usually targets psychic effects. For example, a killer of a father can be forced to share the experience of any immense loss suffered by the children and the widow. Offering of lower wages is also one of the measures. This makes the perpetrators more socially withdrawn. The other component advocates that under no circumstances can crime be tolerated. This is based on the alleged broken window theory. In this, even the perpetrators of the somewhat insignificant misdemeanors must be severely punished in the quest to discourage the public from deviating from the law. Others support life imprisonment after a perpetrator commits two minor offences. To the government side, it might be that if a perpetrator gets a punishment of the same level as that of a major crime, he may tend to commit the most significant ones. It therefore raises the question whether the system is fair enough, or whether it aids in committing big crimes. I n an anthology called Campus Climate Control by

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Executive Summary for the development of a new product - Essay Example The NRG-H product is expected to form part of a new low-calorie diet snack food market segment and is expected to resemble the trademark of the Fitter Snacker. This new product is likely to appeal to the tastes of many people in this new segment given that it will reduce the calorie content which is seen as a positive step towards safeguarding the health concerns of the consumers. The operations related to this new product will be basically concerned about incorporating it into SAP. The advantage of this particular stance is to leverage the new product on the popularity of the SAP given that the customer and vendor relationships depend upon this. There are likely chances of success of this product if these steps are carefully implemented. 2. After factoring in all the production costs, it is anticipated that a case of 24 bars can be profitably sold at $28.80 as the wholesale price. This distribution channel is ideal in that it has many links with the vendors as well as retail outlets. This price is reasonable given that small actors in the retail sector will also be able to buy a case for resale. It is assumed that at this wholesale price, a profit margin of about $8 is likely to be realised. The retail price of a bar of this new product is pegged at $1.50. This price has been suggested after considering that this is still a new product hence it has to be priced slightly lower than similar products already existing in the market. The other justification for this price is that when penetrating a market, there is need to fairly price the product such that it can appeal to the interests of many potential customers. Some consumers can just buy it as trial but once satisfied, they are likely to refer other consumers to this particular offering. In some instances, the customers tend to discover new products in retail shops hence this is an ideal channel of distribution of this particular product. The wholesale and retail prices are justifiable given

Meeting JCAHO Standards from Recruitment to Termination Term Paper

Meeting JCAHO Standards from Recruitment to Termination - Term Paper Example Meeting JCAHO Standards from Recruitment to Termination Job description works as the core foundation of a quality proficiency program and provides the first step in this process. The Joint Commission ensures that the hospitals and healthcare organizations should formulate a way to be sure of the candidates’ capabilities and qualifications are in accordance with their responsibilities. Job descriptions that are proficiency based are the key foundation stones for meeting these expectations. The leaders of the organization should define the required proficiency and the capabilities and qualification of the staff. A proficiency based job description is the first step to proficiency validation of the organization. It is however, required to include the basic roles and responsibilities, primary source verification, the qualifications and the population of patients to whom the treatments are to be delivered. It should also be mentioned in the job description if there is any need of physical expectations from the candidates, the working environment and any other additional duties that will be assigned. (Brenda G. Summers, 2001) The Joint Commission suggests that the basic responsibilities should be mentioned in the â€Å"Essential Duties and Responsibilities Section† of the job description. This kind of proficiency based validation requires that every employee should possess the capabilities as identified in the job description and performs adequately his basic duties. ... It also includes hiring only the individuals who are competent enough to qualify for your organization. (Brenda G. Summers, 2001) Following is an example of a job description which complies with the Joint commission Standards: Proficiency based Job Description Job Title: Department: Section: Unit of Operation: Reporting to: Approved by: Date of Approval: Mission Statement: Summary: Targeted Patient Age and Population. Essential Responsibilities Organization’s Compliance Responsibilities. Job Requirements Educational and/or experience requirements Legal

Positive psychology Essay Example for Free

Positive psychology Essay The idea and the purpose behind the field of positive psychology is not to cure patients of mental illnesses but to make a normal persons life more fulfilling and more satisfactory. Positive psychology has to do with human happiness, cheerfulness and an optimistic attitude in life on the whole. This branch of psychology works on strengthening personal resolve and character building. It is essentially a specialized field and a fancy name for what was already being practiced by counselors. In my opinion, adding this branch of psychology demonstrates the growing need for care before cure. Psychologists realize the nature of mental illnesses in this day and age. They are concerned with the rapid increase in the number of patients. Hence in order to keep the rest of the population feeling positive about themselves, psychologists have come to realize that they need to boost the people’s morale to prevent an onset of a mental illness such as depression, which more often than not can easily go unnoticed. Research shows that the phrase, â€Å"laughter- the best medicine†, actually stands true. Laughing, smiling, praising someone on their work and generally feeling satisfied in life rather than unsatisfied and ungrateful are the key elements of positive psychology. If the mind’s happy, the body stays happy. It is the simple application of the ancient concept of the brain controlling the body. For instance when I am at work, instead of constantly worrying about when I will be getting my promotion, if I am happy that I get to work fewer hours than Bob then my positive attitude will actually help me enjoy my work more. Similarly worrying less about silly things like my favorite cookies being out of stock in the market will do wonders for me on the whole. It’ll make me a more relaxed person, someone who is more approachable and someone who can radiate positive energy into the environment around him. It’ll be my way of giving back to the community.

College Campus Diversity and Student Development

College Campus Diversity and Student Development We should all be having a conversation about diversity. The subject has been important to me since I was a child, perhaps due to personal experience or simply because I find diversity fascinating and beneficial to our growth in this global society. College campus diversity and its effect on students social development is what I want to research for the purpose of this course. When asked to present an implicit theory related to the Higher Education field, cultural diversity was the first thing that came to mind. The United States is a racially and ethnically diverse country; most countries have international students on their campuses, however the vast majority of students are of the same ethnicity. Due to the diversity of the United States, student bodies across the countrys colleges and universities are made up of students from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, which is why I started thinking how diverse campuses might have a positive effect on the students social development . Initially, the implicit theory I developed was Does a culturally diverse college campus help students become more well-rounded individuals? opinions will vary, that is the purpose of doing research, to understand what information is available on the topic and draw our conclusions; However, before the Naked Presentation we were not allowed to perform any type of research. Not researching the topic beforehand allowed my thinking to flow freely. I came into class with all the reasons why I think a culturally diverse college campus enhances students development. In my opinion, diverse college campuses increase self-awareness and expand our capacity for viewing issues in a different way. For most students, college is the first time they are living without their family and interacting with all kinds of people, which is essential for the understanding of my theory. Engaging in campus activities where diversity is promoted is opening doors to the world, the real world. While I do show my hand with this topic, there are many people who may differ from my idea of personal growth being enhanced by diversity, and this is something I want to explore as well. Does campus diversity prepare students for future career success? My initial question brought up more questions, this was one of them. As I mentioned before, we live in a global society, which means we have to interact with people from different backgrounds, not only in events that promote cultural diversity, but in our day to day lives. Todays workforce is rapidly growing more culturally diverse as more minorities and international students obtain their college degrees. College students graduate and enter the workforce with little to no experience, understanding how to interact with other adults, from any social or cultural background is a skill they want to develop while in college. Gaining the capacity of viewing issues from different perspectives, not just your own, will go a long way not only in their personal lives but also in their professional careers. These were the main ideas I had when I chose this topic and developed my theory. Once in class, I began to notice how my colleagues approached each others questions from different angles. The question I ended up with, once everyone shared their input, was Does a diverse college campus influence students development? and I am comfortable working with this question for my project. What do we view as development? And what aspect of development am I going to explore to further develop my theory? These were questions I asked myself when I sat down and expanded my implicit theory. I also considered whether the campus location made a difference in the students development, the effects of attending a campus located in a city might have, over attending college in a rural area. By going to college in a city, students are more prone to interact with people of all backgrounds; bigger cities, such as New York or San Francisco, tend to be more culturally diverse. Whereas, Students who attend college in a rural setting may not have as much, if any exposure to people of different backgrounds due to the makeup of the population. My theory is still a work in progress as I type this, every time I think of the topic, I come up with more questions and ideas relevant to the theory. However, my main focus will remain the same, campus diversity and its influence on students social development. My implicit theory will be evaluated from different perspectives because when we talk about diversity the subject should be studied from many angles, its the essence of diversity after all. Once I read the scholarly articles and papers written about the topic, I know I will have more information to think about my theory more critically, this will subsequently show me different sides of the spectrum.

Case Study Classic Watch Essay

1-2) After analyzing the structure of the Classic Watch Co, we have come to a conclusion, that the company is product oriented. The founder of the company Harry Brainch used to develop his product and then to find consumers. According to the case, he is quite a conservative person, who prefers old-fashioned business techniques. Twenty years ago, customers were less choosy and they were happy to have a product that is good value for money. In that case, Harry Brainch’s strategy fitted really well. However, times are changing and new market is much more complicated and severe. The competition is tough and product with simple design and good durability is not as attractive as it used to be in the past. According to this, product-oriented approach is not likely to succeed. A famous example of product-oriented company is the original Ford Motor Company. Henry Ford made one model in one color (black), no matter what the consumer might want. Although he followed this strategy for quite a long time, finally, Ford Motor Company had realized the need of customization and now we have Ford cars in various colors. The situation is the same with Classic Watch Co, the faster Mr. Brainch realizes that his old techniques are no longer useful – the better sales will improve. Probably, he should try to change his methods to become more market oriented. For instance, Apple has always been a great example of market-oriented company. Apple has achieved world fame by constantly monitoring market and then adjusting its marketing mix to response to the market needs. The Classic Watch Co should follow example of Apple and start developing new marketing strategy. To sum up, the old strategy is no longer successful because of following reasons: 1) same old-fashioned design 2) new needs and desires of consumers 3) change in consumer’s income (it became higher) 4) the old strategy did not take into account wants of modern consumers 5) reasons for buying watches have changed 3) In our opinion, Harry need to divide market into 3 segments. The first one – â€Å"Economical†, which include people, who are ready to pay the lowest price for any good-working watches. Even if they will be broken in the first year, person from this segment just substitute them by new one. They are mainly price-concerned. Brand and design of the watches is not the main point. The second segment – â€Å"Longevity and quality†. This group in search for watches with a good durability, quality and design. They ready to overpay for this features. This group is the biggest one. The third segment – â€Å"Symbolic† one. Watches should be prestigious, elegant, mainly maid from precious metals and gems. People from this segment buying not just watches, but unique qualities and emotional value. To be successful, The Classic Watch Company need to create watches suitable at least â€Å"Economic† and â€Å"Longevity and quality† segments. 4) Nowadays The Classic Watch Company is no longer succeeding company, but a policy of market segmentation could turnover situation. Segmenting market can help them increase sales and market share, protect brand and provide a variety of other benefits. By positioning themself with a specific benefit, they could create a unique selling proposition that sends a message to a target audience looking for that benefit. If The Classic Watch Company cater to a specific audience, they could lose sales among potential customers outside their target audience but increase overall sales by attracting more customers in your target audience. With specific market segments to reach, they can decrease distribution channels, targeting those outlets that have the highest amount of traffic from their desired customers. By limiting your audience, they can choose magazines, websites, radio and TV stations and events that their customers are more likely to hear, see, visit or attend. As we see, there are pl enty of benefits, which are necessary for modern company to survive.

Promote equality and inclusion in health, social care Essay

1.Explain what is meant by- Diversity Diversity can be defined as differences in mental capabilities, personal appearance, race, heritage, beliefs etc. Understanding that everyone is an individual and everyone has different needs.In the care setting i work in, clients have their own personal experiences and preferences, e.g food and activities, different attitudes, behaviour patterns. for e.g to staff: beliefs, race and intellectual ability. These differences make up diversity. see more:inclusion definition in health and social care Equality Equality is ensuring that everybody is treated fairly, equally and as an individual specific to their own needs. Inclusion Inclusion is to make an individual feel included, to feel valued and respected irrespective of their race, gender, personal appearance, sexual orientation etc. In my job role this is about making staff, clients and relatives/visitors feel welcome, valued and respected regardless of their differences. Helping them to feel part of the home and be given the opportunity to be included in all services, facilities, care and support available. 2.Describe the potential effects of discrimination- The potential effects of discrimination can be different for different people. The effects can be physical, emotional or a combination of both. Some potential effects are- Having a loss of trust in services Inflict- taking legal action, seeking advice, prosecution Wider Society- to be discriminated against at work or finding work Feeling ‘Let down’ Weight loss/gain Low self esteem Depression Self harm Humiliation Anger Fear Loss of motivation Increased behaviour problems Difficulty communicating Feeling isolated 3.Explain how inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity Inclusive practice promotes a person’s right to access to equal opportunities. By ensuring that this happens promotes diversity. Inclusion refers to providing the opportunity to be included the use of all services and facilities available. Care workers who understand the needs of a  4222-303  patient regardless of their diverse nature and background, valuing the beliefs of others and keeping an accepting perception will aid in the promotion of equality. Be able to work in an inclusive way 1. Explain how legislation and codes of practice relating to equality, diversity and discrimination apply to own work role In my work place we have policies and procedures on equality, diversity, inclusion and discrimination. These are rights that do not have the force of law, but which are enforceable within social care and designed to improve the quality of services that people receive. Each country of the UK has a  body that is responsible for inspecting all social care facilities to make sure that they are complying with national minimum standards. The Care Quality Commision (CQC) essential standards of quality and safety The Human Rights Act 1998 The Equality Act 2010 The Care Standards Act 2008 Health and Safety at work Act Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) for Social care workers Be able to promote diversity, equality and inclusion 3. Describe how to challenge discrimination in a way that promotes change The way that you would challenge discrimination in general is to discuss the reasons why certain practises are in place with your supervisor or with other staff who are working under you. Provide evidence e.g daily evaluation care plans to demonstrate how changes can be made which help prevent discriminatory practise. If you observe discrimination then you might organise a team meeting or training session where you demonstrate examples of discrimination and show staff ways that they can change their work to prevent this.

Mississippians Were the Mound Builders in North America

Mississippians Were the Mound Builders in North America The Mississippian culture is what archaeologists call the pre-Columbian horticulturalists who lived in the midwestern and southeastern United States between about AD 1000-1550. Mississippian sites have been identified within the river valleys of nearly a third of what is today the United States, including an area centered in Illinois but found as far south as the Florida panhandle, west as Oklahoma, north as Minnesota, and east as Ohio. Mississippian Chronology 1539 - Hernando de Sotos expedition visits Mississippian polities from Florida to Texas1450-1539 - mound centers regroup, some develop paramount leaders1350-1450 - Cahokia abandoned, many other mound centers decrease in population1100-1350 - multiple mound centers arise radiating out from Cahokia1050-1100 - Cahokias Big Bang, population peaks at 10,000-15,000, colonization efforts begin in the north800-1050 - un-palisaded villages and intensification of maize exploitation, Cahokia population at about 1000 by AD 1000 Regional Cultures The term Mississippian is a broad umbrella term that includes several similar regional archaeological cultures. The southwestern portion of this huge area (Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma and adjacent states) is known as Caddo; the Oneota is found in Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois and Wisconsin); Fort Ancient is the term referring to Mississippian-like towns and settlements in the Ohio River Valley of Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana; and the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex includes the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. At a minimum, all of these distinctive cultures shared cultural traits of mound construction, artifact forms, symbols, and stratified ranking. Mississippian cultural groups were independent chiefdoms which were primarily connected, at varying levels, by loosely organized trade systems and warfare. The groups shared a common ranked societal structure; a farming technology based on the three sisters of maize, beans, and squash; fortification ditches and palisades; large earthen flat-topped pyramids (called platform mounds); and a set of rituals and symbols referring to fertility, ancestor worship, astronomical observations, and war. Origins of the Mississippians The archaeological site of Cahokia is the largest of the Mississippian sites and arguably the main generator for most of the ideas that make up Mississippian culture. It was located in the segment of the Mississippi River Valley in the central United States known as the American Bottom. In this rich environment just east of the modern day city of St. Louis, Missouri, Cahokia rose to become an enormous urban settlement. It has by far the largest mound of any Mississippian site and held a population of between 10,000-15,000 at its heyday. Cahokias center called Monks Mound covers an area of five hectares (12 acres) at its base and stands over 30 meters (~100 feet) tall. The vast majority of Mississippian mounds in other places are no more than 3 m (10 ft) high. Because of Cahokias extraordinary size and early development, American archaeologist Timothy Pauketat has argued that Cahokia was the regional polity which provided the impetus for the incipient Mississippian civilization. Certainly, in terms of chronology, the habit of constructing mound centers began at Cahokia and then moved outward into the Mississippi Delta and Black Warrior valleys in Alabama, followed by centers in Tennessee and Georgia. That is not to say that Cahokia ruled these areas, or even had direct hands-on influence in their construction. One key identifying the independent rise of the Mississippian centers is the  multiplicity of languages that were used by the Mississippians. Seven distinct language families were used in the Southeast alone (Muskogean, Iroquoian, Catawban, Caddoan, Algonkian, Tunican, Timuacan), and many of the languages were mutually unintelligible. Despite this, most scholars support the centrality of Cahokia and suggest that the different Mississippian polities emerged as a  combination of a product of several intersecting local and external factors. What Connects the Cultures to Cahokia? Archaeologists have identified several traits connecting Cahokia to the vast number of other Mississippian chiefdoms. Most of those studies indicate that Cahokias influence varied over time and space. The only true colonies established identified to date include about a dozen sites such as Trempealeau and Aztalan in Wisconsin, beginning about 1100 AD. American archaeologist Rachel Briggs suggests that the Mississippian standard jar and its usefulness in converting maize into edible hominy was a common thread for Alabamas Black Warrior Valley, which saw Mississippian contact as early as 1120 AD. In Fort Ancient sites, which Mississippian immigrants reached in the late 1300s, there was no increased use of maize, but according to Americanist Robert Cook, a new form of leadership developed, associated with dog/wolf clans and cult practices. The pre-Mississippian Gulf Coast societies seem to have been a generator of artifacts and ideas shared by the Mississippians. Lightning whelks (Busycon sinistrum), a Gulf Coast marine shellfish with a left-handed spiral construction, have been found at Cahokia and other Mississippian sites. Many are reworked into the form of shell cups, gorgets, and masks, as well as marine shell bead making. Some shell effigies made from pottery have also been identified. American archaeologists Marquardt and Kozuch suggest that the whelks left-handed spiral may have represented a metaphor for the continuity and inevitability of birth, death, and rebirth. There is also some evidence that groups along central Gulf Coast made stepped pyramids before Cahokias rise (Pluckhahn and colleagues). Social Organization Scholars are divided on the political structures of the various communities. To some scholars, a centralized political economy with a paramount chief or leader appears to have been in effect at many of the societies where burials of elite persons have been identified. In this theory, political control likely developed over the restricted access to food storage, labor to build platform mounds, craft production of luxury items of copper and shell, and the funding of feasting and other rituals. Social structure within the groups was ranked, with at least two or more classes of people with different amounts of power in evidence. The second group of scholars is of the opinion that most Mississippian political organizations were decentralized, that there may have been ranked societies, but access to status and luxury goods was by no means as imbalanced as one would expect with a true hierarchical structure. These scholars support the notion of autonomous polities who were engaged in loose alliances and warfare relationships, led by chiefs who were at least partly controlled by councils and kin- or clan-based factions. The most likely scenario is that the amount of control held by elites in Mississippian societies varied considerably from region to region. Where the centralized model probably works best are in those regions with clearly evident mound centers such as Cahokia and Etowah in Georgia; decentralization was clearly in effect in the Carolina Piedmont and southern Appalachia visited by 16th-century European expeditions. Sources Alt S. 2012. Making Mississippian at Cahokia. In: Pauketat TR, editor. Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p 497-508.Bardolph D. 2014. Evaluating Cahokian Contact and Mississippian Identity Politics in the Late Prehistoric Central Illinois River Valley. American Antiquity 79(1):69-89.Briggs RV. 2017. The Civil Cooking Pot: Hominy and the Mississippian Standard Jar in the Black Warrior Valley, Alabama. American Antiquity 81(2):316-332.Cook R. 2012. Dogs of War: Potential Social Institutions of Conflict, Healing, and Death in a Fort Ancient Village. American Antiquity 77(3):498-523.Cook RA, and Price TD. 2015. Maize, mounds, and the movement of people: isotope analysis of a Mississippian/Fort Ancient region. Journal of Archaeological Science 61:112-128.Marquardt WH, and Kozuch L. 2016. The lightning whelk: An enduring icon of southeastern North American spirituality. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 42:1-26.Pauketat TR, Alt SM, and Kruc hten JD. 2017. The Emerald Acropolis: elevating the moon and water in the rise of Cahokia. Antiquity 91(355):207-222. Pluckhahn TJ, Thompson VD, and Rink WJ. 2016. Evidence for Stepped Pyramids of Shell in the Woodland Period of Eastern North America. American Antiquity 81(2):345-363.Skousen BJ. 2012. Posts, places, ancestors, and worlds: dividual personhood in the American Bottom region. Southeastern Archaeology 31(1):57-69.Slater PA, Hedman KM, and Emerson TE. 2014. Immigrants at the Mississippian polity of Cahokia: strontium isotope evidence for population movement. Journal of Archaeological Science 44:117-127.

Learn the Forms of drink, Please!

Learn the Forms of drink, Please! Learn the Forms of drink, Please! Learn the Forms of drink, Please! By Maeve Maddox Weve had other posts on the correct forms of the few irregular verbs that remain in English, but when I heard not one, but two television reportersone in the field and one in the studiodeclare that a boy had drank a bottle of vodka, I had to trot out the forms of the verb to drink. Present tense: drink Simple past: drank Past participle: had or have drunk Before anyone wants to explain the aberration as something that would be heard only on an Arkansas television channel, consider this opening paragraph from a story in the UKs Telegraph: Chloe Leach, 21, had drank around four cans of the energy drink and several VKs a vodka based drink which also contains caffeine when she suddenly fell to the floor in the Sugarmill club in Hull, East Yorks., on September 30 last year. (2 February 2009) And this from the New York Times: He loved Lee Alexander McQueen, had known him 20 years, had drank and cried with him. (2 April 2010) We are living in the age of the disappearing copy editor. The buck stops at the writers desk. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisTreatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

Review of Coca-Cola Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review of Coca-Cola Company - Essay Example This paper looks at these aspects and how they have helped the company in its overall growth strategy. Growth and Performance over the last decade. According to most of its financial reports, the company has continued to post admirable growth percentages in an increasing scale. In January 2000 the company underwent a major organizational realignment aimed at reducing the workforce around the world. This move was aimed at reducing or transferring responsibilities from various headquarters to smaller and ostensibly more revenue-generating operating units. This move was also expected to streamline corporate resources. As a result, about 6000 thousand employees worldwide would be eliminated where 3,300 of these were in the United States. This process was to take place in the calendar year of 2000. In 2001 financial report, the company reported. that the net profit had been transformed from loss of 122 million in 1999 to record a profit of 1.6 million in 2001. This turnaround was attribut ed to management actions that were seen to bring about profitable volume growth and improving of economic conditions in emerging markets. One conspicuous development of the company is the introduction of 450 products in 2007 alone. These products gave the company an enlarge its portfolio hence giving the consumers a wide range to choose from .The Coca-Cola  Zero brand is one of the additional that is making a great difference for the company. Key Factors Enhancing Development Innovation is one of the most important aspects that have seen the company improve in its growth exponentially. The company has greatly utilized the social media to its advantage especially for marketing purposes. This has been specifically demonstrated through aggressive market presence through advertising. In 2010 the company was actively involved in the sponsorship of the world cup. This saw the company collaborate with renowned artistes such as the Somalian hip hop artiste K’NAAN who recorded an up lifting African-inspire track. This track was greatly used in commercials ran during the matches and was largely viewed online. The company further collaborated with You –Tube in what is was seen as one of the greatest collaborations of the social media in a partnership that saw the Long Celebration, a campaign in which fans could view videos submitted by users from over 100 countries. Organizations continue to take advantage of globalization to influence the way they undertake their business. This has greatly favoured the Coca Cola company which has been able to expand into all various regions through various partnership programs. In 2004 Coca-Cola had a 25% world wide case volume in Latin America, 29% in North America, 22% in Europe, Eurasia and Middle East,6% in Africa and 18% in Asia. The company’s has been strengthened by the strategy to operate in local environments by catering for its requirements as they occur in individual countries. This company does this by working with merchandisers from the specific countries. For instance, the company sources bottlers in specific nations to work with. Report on Opportunities for Market Entry In recent times, Coca-Cola has seen great potential in the Indian market. This has been aggravated by an analysis which indicated that on average the Indian people consume only 12 eight-ounce bottles of Coke

Different modes of Internationalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Different modes of Internationalization - Essay Example There are various methods or strategies in which the corporations enter into the foreign markets. This essay provides a detailed analysis of the options that are available for a company for its overseas expansion. Trade Countries of the world get involved into trading relations with one another in order to get some advantage of the resources in which each of the countries specialises in. The absolute advantage theory of Adam Smith states that the countries that specialises in one particular resource would exchange the resource for something that the other country specialises in. For example one country may have enough amount of wine and a second country may have abundance in cheese. Then these two countries would exchange their resources of wine and cheese with the resource that they have in abundance. David Ricardo on the other hand had put forward his comparative advantage theory in the context of international trade. According to him the countries that have comparative advantage i n the production of one good would export that good to another country which has comparative disadvantage in the production of that particular good. Advantages of Trade Creation of jobs and attraction of investments from various sectors which otherwise would not have operated to the maximum capacity. Introduction and exchange of technology and knowhow of production which adds to the total income of the countries that are involved in trade. Access to the international markets and thereby the customers can buy the various types of products and services Increases the competition among the domestic and the foreign players. Disadvantages of Trade Various issue related to the cultural identities of the nations crop up like most of the companies like Coca cola or Microsoft are built upon the cultures of the US and the other nations are forced to embrace it. The emerging nations are forced to meet the demands of the developing nations and thus they do not often meet the needs of the domesti c markets. The safety standards and the compensation of the workers are often not up to international standards. Political constraints make the trade relations between countries complicated which may lead to imbalances in the BOP position of the countries. FDI Foreign Direct Investment is a form of investment that a company or an individual which is based in a particular country would make in a foreign country in form of investments in new projects or existing projects of local undertaking. The company or the project in the foreign country in which the company invests would prefer to maintain control over it. The economies in which there are prospects for growth and has sufficient resources, there would be considerable amount of foreign investments. There are several ways in which the FDI can be made. Setting up subsidiaries Getting equity control over an existing company in the overseas country Strategic alliances For example a company based in Germany may be interested in any comp any producing electronic products based in China. The company can get into strategic alliance with the Chinese company or may become of

Emotional intellegince Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emotional intellegince - Research Paper Example Human capital plays pivotal role in business organizations and in their success. In today’s fiercely competitive business contexts, human capital and effectively managing this high-valued resource have become major corporate strategies that affect competitive advantage (Hall, 2008). Human capital is the sum total of knowledge, skills, talents, experience, wisdom and other personal as well as professional qualities that people in the organization possess and utilize for the organization’s purposes. HR roles and functions have been evolving tremendous changes from being fundamentally administrative to making strategic decisions regarding choosing right talents for right tasks. Jarrel (2012) emphasized that focusing on the emotional intelligence of people in the organization has become another change that the HR field has witnessed very recently. It was because those employees who showed high emotional intelligence have influenced others around them positively rather than negatively. Why emotional intelligence matters in the workplace is because the way people affect others in the same workplace is an important matter to affect the effectiveness of leadership, teamwork, collaboration, knowledge sharing, organizational learning and so on. For instance, transformational or charismatic leaders are those who influence their subordinates by identifying their needs and taking positive ways to meet their requirements. Stough, Saklofske and Parker (2009) are of the view that leadership effectiveness is closely linked to the levels of emotional intelligence of the leader. With a view to achieve highest level of emotional intelligence in the workplace, human resource management adopts selective hiring and training and development program to ensure that their workforce would demonstrate EI competencies. By using Hendrie Weisinger’s Emotional Intelligence assessment tool, I found that my overall EI level was above the average, with a point of 84. The levels of self

Analyse the Pay Tv Market in Sa Using the Five Forces Framework Essay Example for Free

Analyse the Pay Tv Market in Sa Using the Five Forces Framework Essay The threat of new entrants in the South African Pay TV market is low for reasons discussed below: Capital Requirements: The case study clearly states that Top TV spent in the region of R1 billion to become operational which shows that the capital needed to do business in this industry is steep. The case also highlight other licensees such as WOWtv and Telkom Media (later sold to become Super 5 Media) struggling to launch and pay debts respectively. Further proving that the capital needed to operate in this environment is very huge requiring investors with a strong financial muscle. Product Differentiation: There is brand identification and loyalty to DStv for the simple reason that it has been the only player (monopoly) in this industry for more than 15 years and has built huge fences around it to couple brand loyalty by entering into long exclusive deals with some of the biggest channels and studios in the US. Cost Disadvantages: DStv has benefitted from the learning and experience curve and being that it has been the only player in the market for a long time it has exploited this by entering into long exclusive deals, putting proper technology infrastructure to avoid technical glitches that for instance Top TV experienced. These cost advantages positions DStv well ahead of new entrants or discourages new entrants. The threat of new entrants is also low because of the fighting muscle DStv has in fighting off new entrants as it demonstrated to Top TV, by coming up with a new range of packages that also targeted the lower LSM groups which Top TV had targeted. This repositioning of DStv had huge repel effects on Top TV to a point that Top TV is fighting to stay in business. Last but not least DStv has gained economies of scale in research, marketing and financing over the years they have been operating as a monopoly.

Drugs - Does America Have a Future? Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

Does America Have a Future? Can you picture this? Children and teenagers suffer from irreversible brain damage. Children go to school high, if they even to go school at all. Crime rates soar to outrageous proportions. Businesses fail because of decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. Families break up because a parent is in prison. Courtrooms and prisons are overcrowded with criminals convicted of drug-related crimes. These scenes could reflect America in the future if drugs such as cocaine and marijuana are legalized. One argument for the legalization of drugs is that crime rates would be reduced. Former Surgeon General, Dr. Joycelyn Elders, stated on December 8, 1993, that "we could markedly reduce our crime rate if drugs were legalized." Her rationale is that drug users would not kill other people for drugs or drug money of drugs were legal. The logic is simple: if much of our growing crime rate is due to attempts by drug dealers to obtain and market drugs, and to attempts by addicts to obtain the money to buy their drugs at inflated prices, then legalizing drugs and controlling the cost would reduce the current crime rate. However, legalizing drugs would most likely increase the crime rate, not decrease it. A close look at the dynamics involved reveals that legalizing drugs would bring nothing but disaster for our future. First, legalizing drugs would promote further drug use. Current users would probably use drugs more often if they were legal, and people who do not currently use drugs might be tempted to try them for the same reasons. The National Institute of Drug Abuse reports that two-thirds of Americans between the ages of twenty and forty have used illegal drugs in the past... ...If that were not enough, parents under the influence of drugs are simply unable to make logical decisions or give children the guidance they need. What will happen, then, if more parents were suddenly able to obtain drugs for their "recreational use," most often in their homes? With such disastrous effects, why would anyone believe that legalizing drugs would benefit this country? Even if one or two of these predictions turned out to be true, would we be better off than we are now? If drugs are legalized in this country, this country would rapidly deteriorate in the midst of the millions and millions of drug-using Americans. Crime rates would escalate, and individuals, families, and society would disintegrate. Drugs are already consuming America. The future of America looks even more dismal if drug use were further legalized and its use further condoned.

The Mammy

Mammies, Matriarchs and Other Controlling Images Patricia Hill Collins: Black Feminist Thought Chapter Main Concepts: – As it relates to African-American women, the intersecting oppressions of race, class, gender and sexuality could not continue without powerful ideological justifications for their existence, which is perpetuated through controlling images. – Controlling societal images is one of the many powers held by the dominant group (white males) in the U. S. to manipulate ideas about black womanhood. Through the perpetuation of these controlling images of the black woman as the mammy, matriarch, welfare queen, jezebel/hoochie and black lady, black women become objects instead of subjects ? i. e. domestic workers are often referred to as â€Å"work mules/animals† or â€Å"girl† – Like other people of color and subordinate groups, black women are seen as the â€Å"other† in our society. By not belonging, black women emphasize the signifi cance of belonging. ? Black feminist thought derives from this kind of thinking, as a means to resist these controlling images.Black women insist on the right to establish and define their own reality Controlling Images and Black Women’s Oppression – During this slavery era images of black women were socially constructed to maintain their subordination – Unlike Black women, white women were encouraged to possess four cardinal virtues: piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity ? Mammy: – Asexual, faithful, obedient domestic servant; yardstick used to measure all black women behavior – Image aims to influence maternal behavior; raises children to know place in society Matriarch: – Spends too much time out the home working; overly the aggressive; emasculates husbands and lovers; unfeminine. Unlike mammy, she is the â€Å"bad† black mother – Introduced in a government report on Black poverty in 1965 called the Negro Family: The Case for National Action (Moynihan report) ? The report blamed black mothers for their children's failures; working lead to a lack of attention and care; delinquency; Further asserts that slavery destroyed black families by reversing roles of men and women Black backlash- Diverts attention from the reality of political and economic inequalities that shape black children experiences ? Welfare Queen: – Makes use of social welfare benefits to which they are entitled by law; Lazy; fails to pass on work ethic; alone; updated version of â€Å"breeder woman† during slavery – This image provides justification for the efforts to control black women’s fertility to the needs of a changing economy ? i. e. during slavery children were valued as property the more slave children you have the more assets you have After WWII black women and their children seen as a economical liability – During the 1980s, despite Reagan and the Republicans opposition, Black women and children could not be forced to work, and Black men dropped out of legitimate labor force ? Prison Industrial Complex ? Jezebel/ Hoochie: – Represents a deviant black female sexuality; originated under slavery to justify the many assaults against slave women by white men ? These women are seen as having a strong sexual appetite which leads to an expected outcome of increased fertility Hoochie unlike the Jezebel is an image accepted by the Black community ? Three types of hoochie: plain, gold digger, hoodrat – Normal female heterosexuality is expressed in terms of true white womanhood unlike the black â€Å"hot momma† – Because of black women sexual appetite is seen as inappropriate or worst, insatiable, black women are characterized as freaks and become stigmatized in society – Black women sexuality and fertility is defined by the dominant group (white men) ? Black Lady: Combination of the mammy and matriarch – Claire Huxtable, The Cosby ShowControlling Images and Social Institutions – Schools, news media and government agencies constitute important sites for reproducing controlling images usually based on the idea of black women having some kind of deviant sexuality ? Social science research; AIDS and teen pregnancy ? Popular culture; Black hip hop music ? Accessibility to birth control measures – Controlling images are also perpetuated in Black institutions ? Family, church and civic organizations are all sites where controlling images of black women are simultaneously resisted and reproduced.Color, Hair Texture and Standards of Beauty – Despite the resistance of Black women to being objected as the â€Å"other†, controlling images still influence their lives, becoming even more visible. They impact how Black women interact with the world ? Speaking standard/proper English somehow makes you less black i. e. â€Å"I never think of you as black†; â€Å"I don’t see race whe n I’m with you† – The binary thinking between Black and white beauty: ? Thin, white, blonde hair and blue eyes are not beautiful without the â€Å"other†, full lips, broad noses, dark skin and kinky hair White skin and straight hair privileges white women by being the standard of beauty; No matter what a Black woman subjective reality is, she’ll never meet the main stream standards of beauty – All women in U. S. are objectified, and their value determined by how they look, but Black is the most â€Å"un-American† Black Women’s Reactions to Controlling Images – Historically African American literature by women writer’s usually provide a comprehensive view of Black women struggles to form positive self-definitions in face inferior images Many fictional characters of Black women have themes of pain, violence and death that make up their lives; experiences of internalized oppression ? These characters use drugs, alcoho l, excessive religion, and even retreat into madness to attempt to escape painful black female realities ? Denial is another response to controlling images; â€Å"I’m not like the rest† – Black female writer’s also document the responses of positive self-definition by Black women ? The Color Purple (the conclusion) ? Waiting to Exhale ? How Stella Got Her Groove Back

Inclusion and diversity Essay

Identify the current legislations and codes of practise relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity The special educational needs code of practise 2001 This outlines the Constitutional guidance for the responsibilities towards children with special educational needs. This will likely be replaced with the children and young families bill 2013 Codes of practise on duty to promote race equality (2002) This code of practise makes sure that all schools have a written race equality policy written up. this policy should include information on practical on how schools will promote race equality. These are the outcome school policies should be aiming for. Reducing the gap in educational achievement between different races Improving behaviour Improving relationships between racial groups Ensure staff are working in a school that reflects cultural equality Admissions policy which does not discriminate Removing barriers to achievement This helps schools remove barriers holding back achievement of children with special educational needs and disabilities This is the government vision on how schools should go about children with special educational needs or a disability. Early intervention Removing barriers Raise achievement Disability equality scheme and access plan This ensures all schools produce a disability scheme. This scheme should say how schools go about promoting equality of opportunities for pupils, staff and others with disabilities the should also be an action plan that explains how barriers are removed. School policies Most schools have a mission statement that says how school set out how they are working on inclusion and equality. There will also be written policies, for the right and responsibilities of those within the school. Policies will provide guidance for staff and visitors on ways to ensure inclusive practise. There are a number of policies, which are: Race/cultural diversity Safeguarding/bullying Special educational needs Disability and access Equality of opportunity/inclusive practise Gifted and talented pupils Polices are made in response to legislation and codes of practise. The way schools promote rights and equality for children and young people should be put in these policies. There is a much greater focus on pupil’s outcomes. Schools need to monitor the strengths and weaknesses in policy. 1.2 Describe the importance of supporting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality access Schools have a duty to ensure that all pupils have access to an equal curriculum not matter their race, gender, culture, additional needs or disability. Raising achievement Making sure all pupils have equal access to the curriculum will help the personal achievement of children and young people. Studies over a number of years have shown that some groups of children do not reach their expected achievement. The groups of children that haven’t met expectations are children from black and minority ethnic groups or children who are vulnerable due to their economic or physical circumstances. Equal opportunity does just treating all pupils the same but ensuring that the curriculum meets all the need of each individual pupil. Improving participation Participation means making sure everyone is involved. There should be time granted to talk to children and their parents about the curriculum. Schools can achieve participation by having student councils and parent evenings, also by just asking children in the classroom how they think they learn best and what could be improved. Developing sense of identity Allowing children to access all of what is happening the school gives them a sense of belonging. When giving children the chance to participate they then feel valued and that they are making a valid contribution. We should also help children and young people become independent learners. We can do this by letting children have the chances to make there own choices they are more likely to be more motivated towards their learning. This will give the children the feeling of self-worth and well-being. Improving relationships between individuals and groups Policies that promote equality and inclusion can only give out a positive message. Children need to have their rights protected and should also be taught about their responsibilities to others. Respect can be promoted to children and young people through your everyday actions as you set an example for the groups you work with. 1.3 Describe the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young people Culture has many different meanings. Culture can be perceived as nationality and religions. This gives groups of people in society their identity. By understanding and promoting different cultural diversities in school help the pupil gain a better understand of one another. It is important the you know the cultural diversities of the pupils within your school especially the children you work with as you will be able to  make links between their own lives and learning. Being able to understand a pupil’s background culture will be the stepping-stone to building and effective relationship. As culture in society is very diverse today diversity should be reflected in the curriculum othroughout. For example, stories and dramas from a wide range of different cultures this will show that you value other cultures and allow pupils to explore different cultures from their own. 2.1 describe ways in which children and young people can experience prejudice and discrimination Prejudice stems from a lack of knowledge and understanding of diversity. Prejudice is jumping to a conclusion about children or young people because they are in a certain group. For example, if a child was disabled assuming they have a learning difficulty. When people are being prejudice they tend to label children. Labels may be given to a single child or a group of children. Labels are formed on a specific characteristic because of prejudice for example, a group of children being labelled the â€Å"naughty† children. There are two types of discrimination children and young people face direct and indirect discrimination Direct discrimination Direct discrimination is when children or young people are not permitted to access a part of the schools curriculum due to their gender, race or disability. For example when a school doesn’t accept a pupil because of their special educational needs or a group of children not allowing another child to participate because of their race. Indirect discrimination This is difficult to spot, this can happen when practise and procedures are used without taking individuals circumstances into consideration. A child may not be directly excluded but due to their circumstances they are unable to participate. 2.2 describe the impact of prejudice and discrimination on children and young  people Prejudice and discrimination will only have a negative effect on children and young people. This will have a big impact on their academic progress of children and also discrimination will have a negative effect on their overall health. Children and young people may feel (when experiencing discrimination) Loss of self esteem Anger Confusion Depression Lack of motivation 2.3 assess how attitudes, values and behaviour could impact on work with children and young people Everyone working within a school has the legal duty to protect the rights of children and young people. You must take into consideration how your attitudes and values have an impact on the way you work with children. The way a child is brought up can have an effect on the way they act towards individuals and groups. Personal prejudice can lead to discriminatory practice; learning about the different religious beliefs of the children that you work with and knowing about any special educational needs or disabilities can overcome this. 2.4 describe the importance of promoting anti-discriminatory practise in work with children and young people The promotion of anti-discriminatory practise should reinforce all work done in schools. Schools should not just have policies and statements put in place about anti-discriminatory practice, schools must demonstrate anti-discriminatory practice. It is important to monitor how good practice has a positive effect on children and young people’s education and general  well being. 2.5 describe how to challenge discrimination To be able to challenge discriminations you have to recognise anti-discriminatory practice. All staff in schools must protect children from discrimination if you ignore it that shows you are condoning this behaviour. You have to take into consideration how a child may feel if they are experiencing discrimination and a member of staff who is meant to be supporting them ignores them. The child may see as you agree with the perpetrator or that the way they are being treated is normal. It can be difficult to challenge if it is practiced or institutional by a colleague so it is important how you approach different and difficult situations. To be able to challenge discrimination you need to have knowledge of policy, practice and procedures. If you’re more familiar with what is a good practice you will be able to handle incidents better when they arise. Discrimination can be intentional or just ignorance and a lack of understanding. It will be hard to change the views of others but you must confront discriminatory actions and comments. When challenging discrimination you must: Explain what has happened Tell them what effect is has on the individual Model ways to ensure anti-discriminatory practice When anti-discriminatory practice arises, you must speak to your manager or supervisor. 3.1 describe what is meant by inclusion and inclusive practice Inclusive practice is identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers of participation. Inclusion is about making sure all pupils within schools  are able to participate no matter their background or situation. Inclusive practices will make everyone feel valued and have a sense of belonging. Inclusion is making sure that everyone is provided with the same opportunity and access to a high quality education. 3.2 describe features of an inclusive setting for children and young people A school ethos is hard to sum up; it becomes clearer once you enter a school building. There is a feeling that everyone matters. Children and young people feel confident when they approach a member of staff. The schools surroundings reflect the diversity within the school. An inclusive setting is being able to use the whole school as an approach to learning. Barriers are identified and methods are come up with to remove them. Children with special educational needs or disabilities, have strategies put in place which focus on that child or young persons needs. A school setting, which is inclusive, will have the following features: Barriers are recognise and staff have a good understanding of individuals and groups of children Barriers are minimised or removed Pupils are educated together and not segregated from their peers Children’s views and opinions are listened to and valued There are clear policies and procedures and are reviewed regularly All staff are trained regularly relating to inclusion Schools work in partnership with their stakeholders School and outside organisations work in partnership 3.3 describe how inclusion works in own sector of the children’s workforce Professionals that work with children must all share a common understanding of values and principles of inclusion. The ways in which these values are practiced are different depending on the type of organisation and its role in education. No matter the organisation the child should always be the centre of practice. Early years foundation and the national curriculum gives clear guidance on an inclusive approach to learning and assessment. Early years foundation have set out requirements for meeting the need of all children under its equal opportunity section. The national curriculum statement states schools must: Provide a curriculum which ensures active participation and achievement of all pupils Meet the needs an interests of all pupils Recognise and overcome potential barriers Recognise pupils entitlement to high quality learning experiences Personalised learning School have began adopting a system of personalised learning in an attempt to raise standards. This focuses on individual children and young people. Personalised learning makes sure that all children no matter their background, special educational needs, culture or disability, attain the support they need to progress. When personalised learning is successful, children and young people experience: Personal targets Staff who have high expectations A challenging curriculum More focused assessment Early identification and intervention when targets are not reached Promoting well-being through an inclusive curriculum A schools key role is to provide a good quality education through a curriculum that is inclusive to everyone but the school also has a wide role to full fill ensuring the well being of children, Every child matters/help children achieve very child matters was introduced in 2003 following the death of victoria climbe, although the emphasis is still on better outcomes for children, what was also highlighted in the inquiry was that services to work more closely to support the needs and right of all children. Schools and other child services should be all working towards these five outcomes: Be healthy Stay safe Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well being

Surviving with Eight Dollars Essays

Surviving with Eight Dollars Essays Surviving with Eight Dollars Essay Surviving with Eight Dollars Essay Dollars With eight dollars, I can get a great breakfast and lunch deal from a local fast food, and possibly even fit in an after-lunch snack, if I limit my spending. Eight dollars an hour is an agreeable minimum wage and should not be increased in California. In most states, living off of eight dollars an hour is horrible because the economy is down right now and prices for everything else are rising. But in the state of California, many make their way around Just fine. Eight dollars an hour, working forty hours a week, thats almost your monthly rent and groceries! You dont need the fanciest furniture or the coolest technology around. If people learn to save their extra cash, living off of Californians minimum wage is Just about enough. California may be the state where dreams come true but in most cities throughout California, dreams are able to come true without the government increasing minimum wage. For example, if the minimum wage is increased then the government will need to mint more money and the effect of minting more money is inflation. In response to this, the value of the American dollar will decrease and cause ore harm to the already-beaten economy. Instead of raising the minimum wage higher, what companies really should do is create more Jobs. Everyone knows that top-notch Jobs need top-notch workers whom of course receive top-notch pay. But if their pay increases, then the amount of experience needed for these Jobs will also increase since it is a high-paying Job. Most applying for these Jobs will get rejected because before, they had enough experience to work minimum wage in these companies, but with the wage and experience necessary increasing, the chances of ending a minimum wage Job will decrease. This results in the unemployment rate in California to once again arise, creating more trouble for those residing in this state. Californians main goal right now should be to create more available Jobs for the unemployed and the easiest way to do that is to keep the minimum wage as is. For example, two economic professors from Princeton, David Card and Alan Krueger, made a study called The Princeton Study. They studied the relations between the minimum wage and the unemployment rate in certain states in the United States. In cost of their studies they, found that the entire net effect of an increase in minimum wage results in a slight decrease in employment. This shows that if the minimum wage is increased, that it will lead to an even higher unemployment rate and that is exactly what we do not want for California, or the United States in general. We want the minimum wage to stay what it is right now so the unemployment rate can increase. The professors proved that, according to the Princeton Study, employment actually expanded in New Jersey relative to Pennsylvania, where the minimum wage was constant. This shows that we have two choices: to decrease the minimum wage or to Just leave it alone. This also proves that increasing the minimum wage should not even be an option because the economy will worsen. This choice may take a while, but it will all be worth it in the long run. California seems to be one of those states where the minimum wage has been an arising issue for a number of years. For example, in California, the minimum wage welfare. Dry. Peter Brandon of the Institute for Research on Poverty studied how raising the minimum wage affect the transition from welfare to work. He found that casing it keeps welfare mothers on welfare longer. Mothers on welfare in states that raised their minimum wage remained on welfare 44 percent longer than mothers on welfare in states where it was not raised. This shows that a higher minimum wage is making life more difficult for the people living in poverty. It would not be fair to increase the minimum wage Just to circulate more money within the country and make millions of people suffer when they really do not have to. We should Just keep the current minimum wage in California at eight dollars an hour and see the economy flourish in the long run.

Free Essays on Perfect Society

Perfect Society The world we live in today is far from perfect. As a minority, I see these imperfections first hand. There are inequalities between races and gender. I hope most people don’t mean to be prejudice or racist but it seems that is how they were brought up. If the environment around you teaches to hate others, it would effect that person regardless if they are a good person or not. For example, if a white man grew up in an environment in which blacks were hated; but this white man did not hate blacks himself. He felt blacks were good people and had no reason to hate them. Until he has a bad experience with black person and hates all black people. He would label all black people because of one bad experience with a person who happens to be black. This white man would think of all the stereotypes, all the negative thoughts associated with the black race that he has heard of growing up in that environment. Growing up in a society like that the deck is already stacked against you before you even experience anything. How would it be to start all over? How would it be to live in a society which had no prior history? Creating a utopian society where there are no inequalities. Can that be achieved today? The utopian society I am proposing is just that, a fictional society in which I set the rules. John Rawls â€Å"realistic utopia† which he defines â€Å"political philosophy in realistically utopian when it extends what are ordinarily thought to be the limits of practicable political possibility and so doing, reconciles us to our political and social condition.†(Rawls 11) The â€Å"perfect† society in which I would live in and would want my family to live in would have to address many social problems. How would one start such an ambitious project? First you would ask yourself what kind of city you would want your society to exist in? A place where everyone is accepted regardless of their race, religion, and/or ... Free Essays on Perfect Society Free Essays on Perfect Society Perfect Society The world we live in today is far from perfect. As a minority, I see these imperfections first hand. There are inequalities between races and gender. I hope most people don’t mean to be prejudice or racist but it seems that is how they were brought up. If the environment around you teaches to hate others, it would effect that person regardless if they are a good person or not. For example, if a white man grew up in an environment in which blacks were hated; but this white man did not hate blacks himself. He felt blacks were good people and had no reason to hate them. Until he has a bad experience with black person and hates all black people. He would label all black people because of one bad experience with a person who happens to be black. This white man would think of all the stereotypes, all the negative thoughts associated with the black race that he has heard of growing up in that environment. Growing up in a society like that the deck is already stacked against you before you even experience anything. How would it be to start all over? How would it be to live in a society which had no prior history? Creating a utopian society where there are no inequalities. Can that be achieved today? The utopian society I am proposing is just that, a fictional society in which I set the rules. John Rawls â€Å"realistic utopia† which he defines â€Å"political philosophy in realistically utopian when it extends what are ordinarily thought to be the limits of practicable political possibility and so doing, reconciles us to our political and social condition.†(Rawls 11) The â€Å"perfect† society in which I would live in and would want my family to live in would have to address many social problems. How would one start such an ambitious project? First you would ask yourself what kind of city you would want your society to exist in? A place where everyone is accepted regardless of their race, religion, and/or ... Free Essays on Perfect Society Many people often wonder what the perfect culture would be like. Though, Americans think they’re perfect, they’re far from it. It’s the ignorance that we as Americans have, that makes us believe that we will always be superior to other cultures. Maybe, we wrong. Maybe there’s some other culture out there that’s far more superior to our â€Å"American Dream.† While most make the American culture out to be the ideal one, I feel much differently. If it were up to me, I’d have my own culture. It would consist of mainly peace, understanding, and freedom of expression. Peace in my culture would have to come before anything else because, in order to have my â€Å"perfect culture,† there would need to be peace before anything else would be possible. Since peace is such a general description, there would have to be more specific orders of peace in my culture. First, there would still be hierarchy. Without hierarchy, the people in my culture wouldn’t know where their place is or what they should do with their life/job. Second, there would have to be law and order or there would be chaos. It states in the Bible that God made the Ten Commandments for his people because there would be chaos without them. Third, the people in my culture need to make a living. Without making a living, the people in my culture wouldn’t have food, shelter or clothing, which would defeat the purpose of having a â€Å"perfect culture.† Besides peace, my ideal â€Å"perfect culture† would have to have understanding. When people understand, it’s more peaceful. Everyone would be helpful to others and have no greed. Greed is the thing that keeps us from understanding because greed came first. If understanding came first, there would be no greed. People would share what they have with others. Everyone would have mutual respect for each other and would trust each other. My culture would be honest and caring. If understanding existed in m...